Turecko: Odpadové hospodářství Istanbulu (Konstantinopole)

Address: Feriköy, Paşa Mah. Piyalepaşa Bulv. Baruthane Çöp Aktarma Merkezi Yani 80250 Şişli/Istanbul

Number of Employees: 432

Capital: USD 8,700,000.-

Share holders: Metropolitan Municipality of Istanbul, İETT, İGDAŞ A.Ş., İDO A.Ş., BELPET A.Ş.

Objectives and Operations

The Istanbul Environmental Protection and Waste Processing Corp. (İSTAÇ Corp.) was established on 28 November 1994 for the regular storage and removal of urban garbage, the incineration of medical garbage in line with the Metropolitan Municipality’s Solid Waste Project, the supply, planting and care of trees, seedlings and flowers, and the establishment of related facilities to carry out these operations.

In October 1995, İSTAÇ started the Medical Waste Project. In December 1995, the old garbage storage areas posing a threat for human health are closed down being replaced by modern and sanitary dump sites. That year two new sites were opened with one at the European side at Kemerburgaz/Odayeri and another at the Asian Side at Şile/Kömürcüoda. For the transport of garbage to these sites five new garbage transfer centers are formed with two opening up in Yenibosna and Tuzla in May 1995, one in Halkalı in October 1995, as well as two others in Ümraniye and Şişli, opening up in June and July of 1996, respectively. The Küçükbakkalköy center is opening up soon. Garbage transferred by the district municipalities first arrives at these centers, where it is pressed and stored in silos for further transport to dump sites. 9000 tons of garbage arrives at the two dump sites daily. İSTAÇ Corp., while carrying out these operations on one hand, joined the 1997 Tree Planting Campaign of the Metropolitan Municipality on the other hand acting on behalf of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality’s Directorate of Parks and Gardens for the last three years.

ISTAC Corp's Operation's

Solid waste disposal

Medical waste disposal

A forestation

The Solid Waste Management

The solid waste may be defined as certain solid materials and filter mud disposed by the very producer, which should be removed for the sake of public

health and environmental protection. The Solid Waste Management includes the initial temporary storage, the collection and transfer, processing and disposal of solid waste. The Metropolitan

Municipality’s Solid Waste Project includes garbage transfer stations, dump sites, composting and recycling facilities, medical garbage collection,

oozing garbage water purification, and medical garbage incineration, as well as other operations. All these operations are carried out by the İSTAÇ Corp.

Garbage Transfer Stations:

The biggest part of garbage management is the collection and transport of garbage, which constitutes 7090% of costs. This means savings in costs of these operations will grossly affect the cost sum total.

Among various systems, the vertical garbage compacting is considered to be the best for Istanbul’s garbage transfer stations regarding its speed, the simplicity of mechanical equipment and the consequent ease of large quantity garbage transfer. Today there are six stations of this type. Except for the Küçükbakkalköy transfer station ready to be opened up, five of them are in operation now with parameters listed below:

Tons dailyDumper trucks leave stations within 10 minutes after arrival, and an online registration system is fed with data by the station gate checkpoints concerning dumper trucks arriving and leaving. The data are processed by the İSTAÇ main computer system.

These data are also available for the district municipalities.Only urban garbage prescribed by the Metropolitan Municipality is permitted to enter in these stations.

Hazardous and dangerous waste, open-air dumpers etc. Are denied permission.

Garbage transferred by district municipalities to the stations are compressed by motion compactors and then stored in 32 cubic meters silos. District dumpers making 1500 trips daily in total transfer garbage to the nearest station via the shortest and easiest way saving time and fuel.

This garbage is transferred to dump sites by big trucks making 400 trips daily and thus saving further time and energy as well as taking off a fair burden of city traffic congestion.

Dump sites:

Until year 1953 Istanbul’s garbage was dumped into the sea. Then irregular dump areas were formed in locations like Levent-Sanayi Mahallesi, Seyrantepe, and Ümraniye-Mustafa Kemal Mahallesi. These areas are then invaded by slum districts with dump areas moving to new locations like Habibler, Ümraniye-Hekimbaşi, Yakacik, Aydinli, Halkali, Şişli-Feriköy, and Kemerburgaz-Hasdal.

This Uncontrolled Dump Caused Adverse Effects Like:

Wind blowing over garbage areas and forming dust clouds, which in combination with toxic gases garbage emits, caused air pollution. Methane, on inflammable gas, accumulating in garbage areas causing fires and posing explosion threats.

Garbage water leaking into underground and surface water causing water pollution. Garbage sites becoming habitats for harmful insects and rodents “Garbage avalanches”. On 28th April 1993 a garbage mass of some 350,000 tons at the Ümraniye Hekimbaşi area slit 500 m down to the Pinarbaşi neighbourhood overrunning homes and killing 32 people.

All these hazards and dangers are over since January 1995 when the Metropolitan Municipality opened up two modern dump sites operating on garbage cell storage method. They are located at both the European and Asian sides, in Eyüp-Odayeri, and Şile-Kömürcüoda respectively.

The Odayeri dump site has a daily capacity of 6100 tons receiving garbage coming from the Baruthane, Yenibosna, and Halkali transfer stations. The Asian Kömürcüoda dump site receives garbage from the Hekimbaşi and Aydinli transfer stations with a daily capacity of 2650 tons. Both sites are projected to receive and store garbage for 25 years. New dump sites are under construction.

Medical Garbage

If medical garbage is not treated separately, dangerous infectious like Hepatitis-B or AIDS may spread or other health and environment problems may occur. So separate medical garbage processing is a main area of operation in garbage removal, preventing risks for health personnel, the public and the environment.

The Ministry of Environment made hospitals and sanitary institutions liable for the spot collection and temporary storage of medical garbage whereas removal and final elimination have to be done by the municipalities. These operations are supervised and controlled by the Ministry of Environment.

In Istanbul the removal and elimination of medical garbage is done by the İSTAÇ Corp., a division of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Every day medical garbage of 198 institutions of scale of 20 or more patient beds is collected by specially equipped trucks.

Below is a list of medical institutions, medical garbage is collected from, along with their patient bed numbers:

Medical garbage is a classification for pathology specimens, infected material, pharmaceutics as well as incisive and puncturing tools. These material pose a risk of infection for health service personnel as well as for the environment if they come in contact with vectors like cats, dogs and others.

Every day 16 and 7.5 tons of medical garbage is collected at the European and Asian sides respectively.

Medical Garbage Incineration Facility:

The collected medical garbage is transferred to the incineration facility with a capacity of 24 tons daily. The facility runs 24 hours on 3 shifts. All units are controlled and supervised by two operators via computers and a four-camera surveillance system. The garbage is incinerated under high temperature between 9000-1200 C, being reduced 95% in volume and 75% in weight.

Afforestation

The desire of the Metropolitan Municipality to grant Istanbul a vegetation which fits to the city’s beauty has led to a campaign starting in 1996 under the slogan “100,000 Trees for Istanbul “. the planned goal has been surpassed with 120,000 trees.

In 1997 İSTAÇ was made responsible for city a forestation activities. That year 200,00 new tree plantings were projected and 270,000 realized. In 1998 400,000 tree plantings were projected and 1,010,000 realized, totalling some 1,400,000 new trees for Istanbul. In 1999 one million new trees were projected

and realized constituting the final stage of a four years effort resulting in two and a half million trees.

Goals Projected

Separate Collection of Garbage:

It is a wide-spread routine that garbage is separated at its very site of disposal with suitable parts recycled. Garbage will be separated at homes, offices and schools so that non-biodegradable matters like plastics and batteries may be prevented from causing environmental hazard, and paper and glass may be recycled.

The Küçükbakkalköy Transfer Station:

The facility will serve in garbage transport coming from the Anatolian side.

A New Transfer Station in Eyüp or Gaziosmanpaşa:

European transfer stations are running over capacity now so a new transfer station will reduce their workload.

Specially designed devices for garbage handling:

After negotiations with producer companies new devices which can handle garbage effectively are projected.

Opening Up Garbage Water Purification Facilities in Kömürcüoda and Odayeri:

Although their construction projected and started a while ago these facilities are still incomplete awaiting financing for further construction. It is expected that financing problems will soon be solved.

Torching the gas build-up in dump sites