Největší kaldery na světě
Caldera name | Country | Location | Size (km) |
Most recent eruption* |
La Pacana | Chile | 23.10 S 67.25 W |
60 x 35 | Pliocene |
Pastos Grandes |
Bolivia | 21.45 S 67.51 W |
50 x 40 | 8.3 Ma |
Kari Kari | Bolivia | 19.43 S 65.38 W |
30 | Unknown |
Cerro Galan | Argentina | 25.57 S 65.57 W |
32 | 2.5 Ma |
Awasa | Ethiopia | 7.18 N 38.48 E |
40 x 30 | Unknown |
Toba | Indonesia | 2.60 N 98.80 E |
100 x 35 | 74 ka |
Tondano | Indonesia | 1.25 N 124.85 E |
30 x 20 | Quaternary |
Maroa/ Whakamaru |
New Zealand |
38.55 S 176.05 E |
40 x 30 | 500 ka |
Taupo | New Zealand |
38.78 S 176.12 E |
35 | 1,800 yr |
Yellowstone1 | USA-WY | 44.58 N 110.53 W |
85 x 45 | 630 ka |
La Garita | USA-CO | 37.85 N 106.93 W |
75 x 35 | 27.8 Ma |
Emory | USA-NM | 32.8 N 107.7 W |
55 x 25 | 33 Ma |
Bursum | USA-NM | 33.3 N 108.5 W |
40 x 30 | 28-29 Ma |
Longridge (McDermitt)1 |
USA-OR | 42.0 N 117.7 W |
33 | ~16 Ma |
Socorro | USA-NM | 33.96 N 107.10 W |
35 x 25 | 33 Ma |
Timber Mountain |
USA-NV | 37 N 116.5 W |
30 x 25 | 11.6 Ma |
Chinati Mountains |
USA-TX | 29.9 N 104.5 W |
30 x 20 | 32-33 Ma |
Long Valley | USA-CA | 37.70 N 118.87 W |
32 x 17 | 50 ka |
greater Maly Semiachik/Pirog2 |
Russia | 54.11 N 159.65 E |
50 | ~50 ka |
greater Bolshoi Semiachik2 |
Russia | 54.5 N 160.00 E |
48 x 40 | ~50 ka |
greater Ichinsky2 |
Russia | 55.7 N 157.75 E |
44 x 40 | ~50 ka |
greater Pauzhetka2 |
Russia | 51 N 157 E |
~40 | 300 ka |
greater Ksudach2 |
Russia | 51.8 N 157.54 E |
~35 | ~50 ka |
* Ma is million years ago, ka is thousand years ago, Pliocene is 5.3-1.8 Ma, Quaternary is 1.8-0 Ma.
1Yellowstone and Longridge are the ends of a chain of several large calderas extending beneath the Snake River Plain, each comparable in size.
2The Russian calderas are informally named here for the smaller modern calderas and active volcanoes that lie within them.
ZDROJ: Cambridge Volcanology Group
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