Pátek, 29. března 2024

Geologie Eritrey

The geological environment of Eritrea is made up of Precambrian basement rocks that are overlain unconformably by predominantly Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and Tertiary to Quaternary volcanic and sedimentary rocks.

Geologie Eritrey

Precambrian Basement Rocks

Basement rocks in Eritrea cover more than 60% of the surface of the country. The basement rocks of Eritrea are part of the Arabian Nubian Shield (ANS) which are exposed in north east Africa (Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia) and in Saudi Arabia, northern and northwestern parts of Yemen and part of the western Middle East.

The shield is believed to represent a mega suture between East and West Gondwana. Archaean and palaeoproterozoic continental crust rocks make up the older components of the shield and occupy a very small part of the basement rocks and the major part of the shield consists of the neoproterozoic (c. 870-670 Ma) continental-marginal and juvenile intraoceanic magmatic-arc rocks.

In Eritrea, the basement rocks are not well studied despite their high mineral potential. The two geological maps so far completed cover the western part of the country (Geology of Gash River Area) and the southern part of the country (Geology of Mai Dima/Kohain Area). Compilation of geologic maps at 1:250,000 scale has recently been completed for four map sheets. Other studies, based largely on satellite image interpretation aided by limited ground controls, suggest that the rocks can be subdivided into four tectonic blocks or segments, separated by tectonic boundaries. Three of these blocks, the western, central and eastern segments, underlie northern and central Eritrea, whilst the fourth, the Danakil segment, occurs in the southeastern part of the country.

The western segment, the Barka Terrain - is exposed in the northwestern part of the country and underlies the Barka lowlands. It is made up of amphibolite, amphibolite-facies pelitic schists containing kyanite and staurolite, quartzites and marble.

The central segment, referred to as the Hagar Terrain,extends from the Barka River up to the Adobha Abi valley in the east, and comprises several large elliptical bodies of various tectonic units that are dominantly composed of oceanic and accretionary wedge materials. Occasionally, layered sequences of chloritic schists are seen, inter-layered with epidotic and chloritic metabasalts, occasional thin and discontinuous marbles, and manganiferous and ferruginous cherts. The Hagar Terrain displays an east verging thrust contact with the adjacent segment to the east. The Hagar Terrain is known to be prospective for chromite, platinum group elements, nickel, gold and copper mineralization.

The eastern segment- the Nakfa Terrain - is bounded by the Adobha Abi valley in the west and by the Red Sea escarpment to the east. It is made up of calc-alkaline volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks conformably overlain by a metasedimentary sequence of chlorite schists, grits and polymict conglomerates with occasional pelitic sericite schists and carbonates. The metavolcanic rocks are intruded by variably deformed plutonic to hypabyssal calc-alkaline bodies.The segment is out in placces by post-kinematic granites and gabbros and is also transected by several narrow shear zones sub- parallel to the regional strike. The Nakfa Terrain is considered to represent a relict island arc assemblage. Several VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide) base metal deposits and gold showings are associated with this tectonic unit.

The southern segment - The Danakil Terrain is composed of metamorphic rocks which may be grouped into three formations:-
(1) migmatitic hornblende biotite gneisses;
(2) aphyllitic formation consisting of schists, conglomeratic phyllites, crystalline limestones and graphitic schists ,and
(3) post-tectonic granitoids.

Recently compiled geologic map of the whole country at 1:1,000,000 scale has divided the Precambrian basement rocks into 7 domains, 5 groups and 3 formations. It is a rather detailed presentation of the rocks units of the country.

More on:http://www.moem.gov.er/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=47&Itemid=41

ZDROJ:http://www.moem.gov.er/index.php

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